North Korea, Launched ICBM , Hwasong-15 ballistic missile
North Korea on Wednesday said it has successfully tested a new type of intercontinental ballistic missile that can reach the whole of the continental United States.
State television claimed that Pyongyang had now achieved its mission of becoming a nuclear state.
State news agency KCNA said that the missile reached an altitude of 4,475 kilometers and flew 950 kilometers for 53 minutes.
It added that North Korean leader Kim Jong-un, who personally signed off on the launch, declared with pride that now his country have finally realised the great historic cause of completing the state nuclear force, the cause of building a rocket power.
KCNA said that as a responsible nuclear power and a peace-loving state, North Korea would make every possible effort to serve the noble purpose of defending peace and stability of the world.
It also said its weapons, meant as a defence against the US imperialists nuclear blackmail policy and would not pose any threat to any country as long as North Korean interests were not infringed upon.
The intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) , Hwasong-15, was launched early on Wednesday. It landed in Japanese waters but flew higher than any other missile the North has previously tested.
Several countries have strongly condemned the latest missile launch by North Korea. Reacting to the missile launch, US President Donald Trump pledged to "take care" of North Korea. He said at the White House that it is a situation that the US will handle.
Mr. Trump also spoke to Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe on the phone. The White House said Trump and Abe have agreed that Pyongyang's latest launch will further isolate the country from the international community.
Speaking to media Japanese Prime Minister, Abe said Japan and the United States have agreed to work with the international community to raise the pressure on North Korea to a maximum level.
In a statement South Korea said it strongly condemns North Korea for its continued escalation of tension with this reckless provocation that came in disregard of sincere efforts to relieve tension and build peace on the Korean Peninsula.
The European Union also issued a statement condemning the missile launch, saying it is a further unacceptable violation of North Korea's obligations. Italy also condemned the missile launch.
Meanwhile, the UN Security Council is expected to meet in New York today to discuss responses to North Korea's latest ballistic missile test. The emergency meeting has been requested by Japan, the United States and South Korea.
Several countries have strongly condemned the latest missile launch by North Korea. Reacting to the missile launch, US President Donald Trump pledged to "take care" of North Korea. He said at the White House that it is a situation that the US will handle.
Mr. Trump also spoke to Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe on the phone. The White House said Trump and Abe have agreed that Pyongyang's latest launch will further isolate the country from the international community.
Speaking to media Japanese Prime Minister, Abe said Japan and the United States have agreed to work with the international community to raise the pressure on North Korea to a maximum level.
In a statement South Korea said it strongly condemns North Korea for its continued escalation of tension with this reckless provocation that came in disregard of sincere efforts to relieve tension and build peace on the Korean Peninsula.
The European Union also issued a statement condemning the missile launch, saying it is a further unacceptable violation of North Korea's obligations. Italy also condemned the missile launch.
Meanwhile, the UN Security Council is expected to meet in New York today to discuss responses to North Korea's latest ballistic missile test. The emergency meeting has been requested by Japan, the United States and South Korea.
“Human Rights First – American Ideals. Universal Values.”
Dear Naresh,
I just read this story and was startled. A young mother from Honduras named Lucia lived under gang threats and violence for years. Then they murdered her sisters in front of their own children. The gang started looking for Lucia next. She and her eight-year-old daughter fled for their lives.
Along her journey, danger and abuse followed. She became pregnant with twins.
Finally, Lucia made it to the United States. Thanks to you, she received the life changing assistance she needed. Human Rights First provided Lucia with free legal aid and social services. She now has the support she needs. Her children are thriving. Her family is safe. Naresh, you saved Lucia’s life.
As a journalist, I’ve come across countless stories like Lucia’s. It breaks my heart every time. Time and again, people all over the world face unspeakable violence and danger, fleeing for their lives.
But I find comfort knowing that Human Rights First and supporters like you are there to help. Your work changes lives every day. That’s why this Giving Tuesday, I’m standing with Lucia. Will you join me?
On this national day of generosity, we should challenge ourselves to do more. To uphold American ideals. Can we count on you to help us change more lives?
Standing with Lucia,
Journalist, Talk Show Host, and Human Rights First Supporter
P.S. This year, your gift could go twice as far! Our Challenge Match is happening now through the end of the year. A group of very generous donors has agreed to match your contributions one to one up to one million dollars, our most ambitious match ever. New and increased donations will be matched, so the more you give during the season, the more we will receive, and the more work we can do to ensure the rights and dignity of every person.
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Free Bonanza to get a historical momento of India’s first “ 1 Rupee Currency Note”
Free Bonanza to get a historical momento of India’s first “ 1 Rupee Currency Note” on its 100th Anniversary Celebration
Date : 30.11.2017 to 04.12.2017
Time : 10 am – 7 pm
Place : www.mintageworld.com, INPEX- 2017 National Philatelic Exhibition Stall no. 26, 27, 40, 41, World Trade Centre, Cuffe Parade, Mumbai
On the occasion of the hundredth anniversary of India’s first “One Rupee” note which was issued on 30th November 1917, www.mintageworld.com : World’s first Online museum of Coins, Stamps and Currency Notes will offer you a momento of the original note along with the actual One Rupee note issued in 2017. This momento also will enlighten u on the glorious historical journey that this smallest paper money note from India has traveled since its official launch in 1917 till now
- The Fascinating Global Journey & interesting facts about the Indian “1 Rupee” note since its launch from 30/11/1917 to 30/11/2017 across its 100 years of tenure..
The Government of India issued currency notes for the first time in 1861. But the most fascinating and important amongst all those notes was the “One Rupee” note which was issued for the first time as a promissory note on 30th November 1917. It was printed in England & depicted a silver coin image of King George V on the left corner of it. The words ‘I promise to pay the bearer the sum of One Rupee on demand at any office of issue’ was printed on it
This smallest paper denomination note from India has travelled through a Glorious historical journey globally , since it was issued in 1917. Some of the its key highlights are as follows
- Since 1917 to 2017 there have been 125 different one rupee notes that have been issued for circulation with different serial numbers & signatures
- The design of a one rupee note has changed 28 times since the past 100 years
- The first 1 Rupee note launched on 30 /11 / 1917 was the only promissory note with the text “ I promise to pay” .printed on it. After that there has been no other 1 Rupee note from the Government of India till date with that text on it.
- The Top 3 One Rupee notes which has been the highest selling in the world till date & currently very much in demand are :
- Republic of India specimen note 1 Rupe of 1985 signed by S.Venitaramanan. Sold forINR 2,75,000 at Classical Numismatics Gallery. On 21st January 2017
- Republic India Specimen note of 1 Rupee of 2015. Unsigned by the Finance Secretary Sold for INR 1,50,000 at Classical Numismatics Gallery, on 1st April 2017.
- 1 Rupee Note of 1944, the 1st issue of British India, which was signed by C E Jones, a pack of 100 was sold for INR 1,30,000 on 24th at Todywalla Auctions in October 2009
- Till 1970 This Indian one rupee note was also used as a currency in Persian & Gulf countries like : Dubai, Bahrain, Muscat, Oman etc. These notes used at that time have a current value of Rs 20,000 to 30,000 per note in the collectors market.
- The Portuguese and French were so fascinated by the Indian one rupee note, that they issued their own one rupee note. The Portuguese Nova Goa notes were issued in 1917. In the year of 1924 and 1929, they were issued again with major changes. The French issued one ‘Roupie’ in 1919.
- In 1945 , the “ 1 Rupee Notes” were circulated in Burma with a red overprint for the Armed forces, while in 1947, it was issued for Burmese Civilian and Nationals
- The 1 Rupee note was so fascinating that even the Princely states of India issued One rupee notes of their own. For eg : Osmania, Hyderabad issued a one rupee note in 1919 and later in 1943 and 1946. In 1877 ‘Shirkar’ One rupee notes were issued in Kashmir.
- In 1948, Government of India issued another one rupee note signed by Finance Secretary K.R.K. Menon with black overprint and it was circulated in Pakistan, these notes were however demonetized in 1949 post the partition
- Though all other denomination of Notes of the Republic India has the signature of theReserve Bank of India Governor. The one rupee note is the only note that bears the signature of Finance Secretary of India since its issuance from the Republic India
- 1 Rupee Note is the only denomination note with the text “ Government Of India”printed on it , all other currencies have ‘Bharatiya Reserve Bank‘ and ‘Reserve Bank of India’ printed on them.
- To celebrate the Birth Centenary of Mahatma Gandhi, the issue of 1969 portrayed a commemorative coin on the 1 Rupee note. Significant changes were introduced in 1981 included design of oil Rig ‘SagarSamrat’ and the signature was printed in ‘Devanagari’.The design of one rupee note remained unchanged till 1994. Later, due to high cost of its production this note was discontinued in 1995, the Reserve Bank of India resumed printing it after 21 years in 2016.
- In the reign of “British India” there has been 5 Signatories who have signed on a One Rupee Note.
- The One Rupee note of Republic of India has in total 21 Signatories till date signing on the 1 rupee note across various time intervals
- The new Star series of One Rupee Note was introduced in 2015.
- The new Telescopic Series of One Rupee Note was introduced in 2017.
- Till date there has been 8 Signatories of Indo & French and Portuguese territories who have signed on a 1 Rupee note
- Till date there has been 10 Signatories of Indian Princely States (Hyderabad and Jammu & Kashmir) who have signed on a 1 Rupee note
- Total Colonial Signatories in it are 23.
- Total Signatories till today on One Rupee Note: 44.
Do let me know your feedback on the same, I can organise your interaction with the following :
- Leading Collectors & Auctioneers
- Industry Experts
- CEO, www.mintageworld.com
- And others
Get wedding-ready with Panasonic Beauty and Grooming products
Make a home-kit for your face and hair survival for every occasion
What is the most exciting yet hectic part of attending a marriage, be it close or distant? As wedding season is on a high, not only the colour of the lehnga will make you stressed but also taking out time to visit the salon, to enhance your look, from your super hectic schedule. What if we tell you that at the luxury of the aura of your room, you can get dolled up in those last few minutes when going to the parlour just doesn’t fit in? What if we tell you that you no longer need to carry your beauty kit and give an end touch up? All this is possible with the wide-range of Panasonic grooming and beauty products, to help you celebrate the special events.
From pocket friendly equipment to versatile features, below are some of the products that you can assemble and hence make a self-help home kit for your every occasion and emergency touch ups, eradicating the otherwise never ending need of a beauty salon.
Hair-Dryers:
We end up spending thousands to get perfect blow dried hair. With Panasonic’s most recent addition in the hair dryers range, you can create glamorous hairstyles at the ease of your bedroom mirror. The newly launched hair dryers – EH-NE20 and EH-ND30provides special instant care and speed, making it easier for you to wash your hair one hour before the occasion and reach on time with the help of these utilities.
EH-NE20 has been designed with Ion technology to give a highly smooth texture to every layer of your hair strands, assuring a quick dry with packed airflow that preserves your natural hair gloss. These ions touch the surface of your hair, barely coating them to reduce electricity and enough to leave a smooth and shiny texture in hindsight. Adding oomph to the design, i t is available in both black and pink to add a colourful palette to your essential make up set.
2-in-1 styler: The 2-in-1 hair styler is an easy to use product, serving you a customized hand for different hair-do for all your special events. It acts as a styling brush iron and comes with a siliconized brush, slim roller brush, blow dry brush and nozzle. All the four attachments can be interchanged and used as per the requirement of the occasion. While providing you a chance to be your own stylist, this product makes sure that you can conveniently use it minutes before showing up for those unlimited selfies on the wedding floor.
Nano Ionic Facial Steamer: After a long hectic day, are you worried about the dirt and oil in your face? Available at your comfort, Panasonic facial steamer is a handy product to help you get rid of these dusts. It produces nano-sized steam particles that lead to better cleansing, absorption and moisturising. Compact and stylish design of the steamer is equipped with long-lasting effect. Your 6-minute touch will enhance your beauty giving your skin a flawless and long lasting make-up.
Pocket Series of Beauty Products: In the spontaneous era of getting ready, we have Panasonic’s essential pocket products. Easy-to-carry personal care and beauty products, this product range comprises of beauty tools such as eye brow shaper, facial trimmer, body shaver, eyelash curler and daily nail care kit. This pocket series intent to look great with minimal efforts. This all in one product helps the job done quickly and beautifully. So, next time you want to shape your eye brows immediately or have batting eyelashes, before your cousin wants you on her bachelorette, this is going to be your saviour.
Epilator ES-WS14-P44B: Panasonic’s Epilator ES-WS14-P44B is designed to empower women to be perfectly groomed and ready for the coming occasions. Its wet and dry application allows you to groom yourself in the comfort of your shower and puts your personal health and hygiene in your hands. The 24 tweezers offers speedy epilation which efficiently captures short and thin hair from the roots before you leave for the big occasion. The epilation gives your feather like skin right in the comfort of your own home. Easy to use on a regular basis with a superior grip and compact design, it is equipped with skin protector for a painless and a long-lasting finish.
Mr. Manish Sharma, President and CEO, Panasonic India & South Asia, said, “Since the wedding season is at its peak, we thought to remind customers about how comfortably they can get ready at their home. Our products are designed and launched accordance with our audience who constantly deals with a time and storage crisis and hence, relies heavily on characteristics that are offered by our products.”
So this winter, everything comes to you in a pretty, pink platter. All you have got to do is make your pick of the functions you want right before you meet the beautiful bride and the handsome groom, and flaunt your best merchandise gift to yourself, for yourself.
‘Patents for Artificial Intelligence’ – Most Laughable Issue
November28, 2017 (C) Ravinder Singh progressindia2015@gmail.com
It is TRAGIC a nation of 1.3b can’t have Intelligent IPR Policy and Program– and there is no one to talk about it and LEAD India through IPR Crisis.Pravin Anand, Attorney MISLED people – WIPO article ‘The Next Rembrandt’ as annexed never talked of PATENTS FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLEGENCE, DIDN’T EVEN FAVOR COPYRIGHT – Creating new picture from data generated from 346 Paintings. Artificial Intelligence isCOMPLEX THOUGHT PROCESS like in Chess – Our Brains makes final decision.
From Professional Inventors view point –
Ø As Top Chess Player at one time – I Didn’t Sleep Until I Find Ways to COUNTER opponents moves – Brain automatically Programmed theTHOUGHT PROCESS @ tbps Speed– I was getting OPTIONS to choose with risk indicated and based on experience make best move.Game of Chess can be recorded and protected by Copy Right – It makes no sense to ‘Protect its Artificial Intelligence’ or Thought Process.THOUGHT PROCESS itself was ‘Controlled by Mood’ – MIX of Risk and Aggression.
Ø Patents are granted for FINAL PRODUCT as CLAIMED in application – not for background processes and can’t be changed – need New Patents for any Improvement and PATENTS CAN BE LICENSED.
Ø Next Rembrandt can’t be Sold as ‘Painting of Rembrandt’ and IMAGES of Rembrandt can be downloaded FREE. Printed on Home Printers in hundreds.
Ø If P&G decides to make GILLETTE Blades by 3D Printing Process –its Patent shall be valid.
Ø Patents are Granted for ‘New Products to Promote Commercialization Of New Useful Technology.’ Not protecting INDIAN INVENTOR’s PRODUCTS led to decline of Indian Industry. Not a single Indian INVENTED Product could be Commercialized like ‘Gillette Razor’ on Global Scale so far.
Ø Patents made R&D in everything Possible – Drug Molecule, or Gillette Blade or Engines for Jetliners or Apple Phones, LED TVs etc. Patents made HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Possible. Progress from Telegram to Telephone to Wireless >> to 5G & Optic Fiber.
Ø Pravin Anand wanted Patents for SINGLE PICTURE produced by Computer Programs not an Expensive Painting. What makes PAINTING worth $100m is its Exclusivity. PICTURE may not be worth a penny.
Ø Patents are GRANTED for HUMAN CREATIVITY – not picture generated by Computers.
Ø Artificial Intelligence has not addressed Indian Problems, Floods, Pollution & Traffic of Bengaluru.
CII annually organizes meet WIPO on Patents and IPR for the awareness of Indian Industry but Industry representation is declining – most of the Speakers were Patent Attorneys or non-Inventors or IPR holders.
CII admitted in the inaugural session that INDIA HAD MISSED THE PAST INDUSTRIAL REVOULTIONS – but didn’t tell India shall miss the 4th or even 5th Industrial Revolution also if we don’t .
1st or 2nd and 3rd INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONS ARE NOT ENTIRELY DEAD and still evolving. Gadkari is talking of 1st revolution – WATER WAYSand GOI has many Stupid Programs to develop Waterways in Rivers which run dry post monsoon. Electric Railways in 2nd IR was dead in USA in motor Car era, Trams were not supported since introduction of Diesel Buses but Electric Transport is common in many Cleanest Cities of the World. Trains in India still operate at less than Steam Loco 1st IR days in Speed.
Ø 24×365 water supply was standard in USA for 100 years, not yet in India.
Ø $100T of Development is yet to place like Homes, Power, Food Processing, Infrastructure etc.
Contrary to general perception Delhi had ‘SMART ENERGY METERS IN HOMES’ since 2004 – ‘Though Most SMART FEATURES Were Disabled’. Computerized meters cost 10 times more perform generally same Functions as Electro-Mechanical energy meters and most of the T&D is still 2nd IR Era.
[We are into the era of Industry 4.0 or the fourth Industrial Revolution dictated largely by information and data technology. India has the potential of becoming an important player globally unlike our absence during the earlier industrial revolutions and benefit from it by leap frogging to high technology domain. Artificial Intelligence (AI) would be the key driver manifesting itself in many different roles including Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud (SMAC) technologies, Internet of Everything including IOT, 3 D Printing, integrated manufacturing, Machine to Machine communication, modern biologics and so on. AI is predicted to outsmart its biological counter parts and thus poses new challenges to authorship, allocation, maintaining and enforcing IPR. AI is no longer futuristic; it is the amazing present. As AI comes closer to the human IQ of 100 and then surpasses it to reach 500 and 5000, our brains will fail to comprehend what it would really mean; we do not have the vaguest idea. AI systems are capable of inventing. Who would own the IPR including patents, copyrights and designs- becomes a food for thought across the globe.]
About The Next Rembrandt – The Next Rembrandt is a computer-generated 3-D–printed painting developed by a facial-recognition algorithm that scanned data from 346 known paintings by the Dutch painter in a process lasting 18 months. The portrait consists of 148 million pixels and is based on 168,263 fragments from Rembrandt’s works stored in a purpose-built database.
Ravinder Singh, Inventor & Consultant, INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROJECTS
Y-77, Hauz Khas, ND -110016, India. Ph: 091- 8826415770, 9871056471, 9650421857
Ravinder Singh* is a WIPO awarded inventor specializing in Power, Transportation,
Smart Cities, Water, Energy Saving, Agriculture, Manufacturing, Technologies and Projects
Artificial intelligence and copyright
October 2017
By Andres Guadamuz, Senior Lecturer in Intellectual Property Law, University of Sussex, United Kingdom
The rise of the machines is here, but they do not come as conquerors, they come as creators.
Google has just started funding an artificial intelligence program that will write local news articles. In 2016, a group of museums and researchers in the Netherlands unveiled a portrait entitled The Next Rembrandt, a new artwork generated by a computer that had analyzed thousands of works by the 17th-century Dutch artist Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn. A short novel written by a Japanese computer program in 2016 reached the second round of a national literary prize. And the Google-owned artificial intelligence company Deep Mind has created software that can generate music by listening to recordings.
Other projects have seen computers write poems, edit photographs and even compose a musical.
Computers and the creative process
Robotic artists have been involved in various types of creative works for a long time. Since the 1970s computers have been producing crude works of art, and these efforts continue today. Most of these computer-generated works of art relied heavily on the creative input of the programmer; the machine was at most an instrument or a tool very much like a brush or canvas. But today, we are in the throes of a technological revolution that may require us to rethink the interaction between computers and the creative process. That revolution is underpinned by the rapid development of machine learning software, a subset of artificial intelligence that produces autonomous systems that are capable of learning without being specifically programmed by a human.
A computer program developed for machine learning purposes has a built-in algorithm that allows it to learn from data input, and to evolve and make future decisions that may be either directed or independent. When applied to art, music and literary works, machine learning algorithms are actually learning from input provided by programmers.
They learn from these data to generate a new piece of work, making independent decisions throughout the process to determine what the new work looks like. An important feature for this type of artificial intelligence is that while programmers can set parameters, the work is actually generated by the computer program itself – referred to as a neural network – in a process akin to the thought processes of humans.
Implications for copyright law
Creating works using artificial intelligence could have very important implications for copyright law. Traditionally, the ownership of copyright in computer-generated works was not in question because the program was merely a tool that supported the creative process, very much like a pen and paper. Creative works qualify for copyright protection if they are original, with most definitions of originality requiring a human author. Most jurisdictions, including Spain and Germany, state that only works created by a human can be protected by copyright.
But with the latest types of artificial intelligence, the computer program is no longer a tool; it actually makes many of the decisions involved in the creative process without human intervention.
Commercial impact
One could argue that this distinction is not important, but the manner in which the law tackles new types of machine-driven creativity could have far-reaching commercial implications. Artificial intelligence is already being used to generate works in music, journalism and gaming. These works could in theory be deemed free of copyright because they are not created by a human author. As such, they could be freely used and reused by anyone. That would be very bad news for the companies selling the works. Imagine you invest millions in a system that generates music for video games, only to find that the music is not protected by law and can be used without payment by anyone in the world.
While it is difficult to ascertain the precise impact this would have on the creative economy, it may well have a chilling effect on investment in automated systems. If developers doubt whether creations generated through machine learning qualify for copyright protection, what is the incentive to invest in such systems? On the other hand, deploying artificial intelligence to handle time-consuming endeavors could still be justified, given the savings accrued in personnel costs, but it is too early to tell.
Legal options
There are two ways in which copyright law can deal with works where human interaction is minimal or non-existent. It can either deny copyright protection for works that have been generated by a computer or it can attribute authorship of such works to the creator of the program.
About The Next Rembrandt
The Next Rembrandt is a computer-generated 3-D–printed painting developed by a facial-recognition algorithm that scanned data from 346 known paintings by the Dutch painter in a process lasting 18 months. The portrait consists of 148 million pixels and is based on 168,263 fragments from Rembrandt’s works stored in a purpose-built database. The project was sponsored by the Dutch banking group ING, in collaboration with Microsoft, J.Walter Thompson marketing consultancy, and advisors from TU Delft, The Mauritshuis and the Rembrandt House Museum.
To my knowledge, conferring copyright in works generated by artificial intelligence has never been specifically prohibited. However, there are indications that the laws of many countries are not amenable to non-human copyright. In the United States, for example, the Copyright Office has declared that it will “register an original work of authorship, provided that the work was created by a human being.” This stance flows from case law (e.g. Feist Publications v Rural Telephone Service Company, Inc. 499 U.S. 340 (1991)) which specifies that copyright law only protects “the fruits of intellectual labor” that “are founded in the creative powers of the mind.” Similarly, in a recent Australian case (Acohs Pty Ltd v Ucorp Pty Ltd), a court declared that a work generated with the intervention of a computer could not be protected by copyright because it was not produced by a human.
In Europe the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has also declared on various occasions, particularly in its landmark Infopaq decision (C-5/08 Infopaq International A/S v Danske Dagbaldes Forening), that copyright only applies to original works, and that originality must reflect the “author’s own intellectual creation.” This is usually understood as meaning that an original work must reflect the author’s personality, which clearly means that a human author is necessary for a copyright work to exist.
The second option, that of giving authorship to the programmer, is evident in a few countries such as the Hong Kong (SAR), India, Ireland, New Zealand and the UK. This approach is best encapsulated in UK copyright law, section 9(3) of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act (CDPA), which states:
“In the case of a literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work which is computer-generated, the author shall be taken to be the person by whom the arrangements necessary for the creation of the work are undertaken.”
Furthermore, section 178 of the CDPA defines a computer-generated work as one that “is generated by computer in circumstances such that there is no human author of the work”. The idea behind such a provision is to create an exception to all human authorship requirements by recognizing the work that goes into creating a program capable of generating works, even if the creative spark is undertaken by the machine.
Addressing ambiguity
This leaves open the question of who the law would consider to be the person making the arrangements for the work to be generated. Should the law recognize the contribution of the programmer or the user of that program? In the analogue world, this is like asking whether copyright should be conferred on the maker of a pen or the writer. Why, then, could the existing ambiguity prove problematic in the digital world? Take the case of Microsoft Word. Microsoft developed the Word computer program but clearly does not own every piece of work produced using that software. The copyright lies with the user, i.e. the author who used the program to create his or her work. But when it comes to artificial intelligence algorithms that are capable of generating a work, the user’s contribution to the creative process may simply be to press a button so the machine can do its thing. There are already several text-generating machine learning programs out there, and while this is an ongoing area of research, the results can be astounding. Stanford PhD student Andrej Karpathy taught a neural network how to read text and compose sentences in the same style, and it came up with Wikipedia articles and lines of dialogue that resembled the language of Shakespeare.
Some case law seems to indicate that this question could be solved on a case-by-case basis. In the English case of Nova Productions v Mazooma Games [2007] EWCA Civ 219, the Court of Appeal had to decide on the authorship of a computer game, and declared that a player’s input “is not artistic in nature and he has contributed no skill or labour of an artistic kind”. So considering user action case by case could be one possible solution to the problem.
The future
Things are likely to become yet more complex as use of artificial intelligence by artists becomes more widespread, and as the machines get better at producing creative works, further blurring the distinction between artwork that is made by a human and that made by a computer.
Monumental advances in computing and the sheer amount of available computational power may well make the distinction moot; when you give a machine the capacity to learn styles from large datasets of content, it will become ever better at mimicking humans. And given enough computing power, soon we may not be able to distinguish between human-generated and machine-generated content. We are not yet at that stage, but if and when we do get there, we will have to decide what type of protection, if any, we should give to emergent works created by intelligent algorithms with little or no human intervention. Although copyright laws have been moving away from originality standards that reward skill, labour and effort, perhaps we can establish an exception to that trend when it comes to the fruits of sophisticated artificial intelligence. The alternative seems contrary to the justifications for protecting creative works in the first place.
Granting copyright to the person who made the operation of artificial intelligence possible seems to be the most sensible approach, with the UK’s model looking the most efficient. Such an approach will ensure that companies keep investing in the technology, safe in the knowledge that they will get a return on their investment.
The next big debate will be whether computers should be given the status and rights of people, but that is a whole other story.
“Electricity connections up to 5 KW in the residential areas will be under the ‘domestic category’
11 th India Energy Summit India chamber of commerce at Le Meridian Hotel New Delhi day 2
“Electricity connections up to 5 KW in the residential areas will be under the ‘domestic category’ – Delhi Power Minister Satyender Jain at 11th India Energy Summit organized by Indian Chamber of Commerce (ICC)
New Delhi, 28 November, 2017: Shri Satyender Jain (Hon’ble Minister for Power of Delhi) said, “We are cognizant to the national target of providing “24X7 power supply” with a “no power cut” regime, and we have taken up various initiatives of its own With the aim to benefit the poor to bring down their electricity costs, we will be treating connections up to 5 KW in the residential areas under the ‘domestic category’- this will help the small shop owners and cottage enterprises established in residential areas. Jain said during ‘11th India Energy Summit’ organized by Indian Chamber of Commerce.
Mr. Jain further said “I congratulate the chamber for its dedicated service towards the growth and development of the nation and I also wish them all the best for their future endeavors. I thank all the knowledgeable panelists and dignitaries present in the session for their kind attention and I look forward to the meaningful deliberations of the subsequent speakers.”
Also present at this summit – Mr. Gireesh B Pradhan, Chairperson & Chief Executive, Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC),GOI, Mr. Ravindra Kumar Verma, Chairperson, Central Electricity Authority, Ministry of Power, GOI, Mr. Debasish Banerjee, CEO, Reliance Energy, Mr. Gopal Saxena, Director, BRPL & BYPL, Mr. Anil Razdan (Retd. IAS), Former Power Secretary, GOI & Chairman, ICC National Expert Committee on Energy, Mr. Pankaj Batra, Member Planning, Central Electricity Authority, Ministry of Power, GOI, Mr. Sunjoy Joshi, Director, Observer Research Foundation, Mr. Amal Kumar Sinha, CEO, BSES Rajdhani Power Limited, Ms. Vartika Shukla, Executive Director, Engineers India Limited & so many experts was present at the 11th India Energy Summit.
The energy sector remains key to the economic growth of India. The Government realizes this, and in context of various reform measures introduced by the Central Government, the structure of the power sector in India has undergone radical changes in recent years. The good news is that the accelerated pace of generation capacity addition over the past few years has led to a situation where in the electricity supply potential is greater than the economic demand, a scenario witnessed never before in the history of the Indian electricity sector. The total installed capacity of power stations in India is 330,260.53 Megawatt (MW) as on May, 2017. We have also been witnessing changes in the energy mix due to enhanced policy focus on climate change, energy security concerns, etc., due to which the penetration of renewable electricity (currently, renewable comprises of 16.1 percent total installed capacity, especially from solar energy (accounting for 2.9 percent), has been increasing steadily and is projected to grow much faster in the coming years.
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Best Regards,
Shakti Raj Vidyarthi
Shakti Raj Vidyarthi
Obama Foundation Folks –More than five years ago,
Obama Foundation
Folks –More than five years ago, leaders at the 92nd Street YMCA in New York had a good idea: to establish an annual holiday devoted to supporting causes.
They decided it should fall on the Tuesday after Thanksgiving, and they called it “Giving Tuesday.”
In the years since, it’s become a movement. The day raises hundreds of millions of dollars in gifts from generous people in nearly 100 countries. Partner organizations all around the world have added their voices to the cause.
And it all started with a good idea in the right place.
How do you turn more good ideas into reality? You increase the likelihood that those ideas land in capable hands. You build an inspired, able network of organizers ready to change the world. That’s exactly what President Obama and Mrs. Obama are trying to do with the Obama Foundation.
We launched this organization earlier this year as an experiment in twenty-first-century citizenship. And today, on Giving Tuesday, we’re asking if you’ll help us build it. When you do, you’ll be supporting leaders already making an impact in their communities, and those folks who want to become more involved but just don’t know where to start.
How are we putting your generous gifts to work? Just take a look at what we’ve done this year.
We hosted Training Days in communities from Chicago to Tempe to Boston, gathering together hundreds of young leaders ready to take the next step in making change in the places where they live. We taught them how to use their own stories to bring people together. Connected them with groups already doing good work in their communities. Coached them in the most effective ways to impact their local communities.
We launched a Fellowship program to provide a diverse set of community-minded rising stars with hands-on training, resources, and leadership development to help push their work forward. Throughout the program, each of our Fellows will pursue their own individualized plan to take their work to the next level. Along the way, they’ll participate in several multi-day gatherings, where they can collaborate with each other and connect with potential partners.
We hosted a two-day Summit in Chicago, bringing together hundreds of passionate and inspiring civic leaders from around the world to share ideas, learn from one another, and explore creative solutions to common problems. It was the kind of event where an education reformer from Appalachia might rub shoulders with a member of European Parliament and discuss how digital technology is reshaping our economy and our world. I believe every single one of us walked away from those two days feeling as fired up as ever to take what we learned and put it to work.
This isn’t work that will be finished in a year, two years, or five years — and that’s why the Obamas believe it’s the most worthwhile work we can be doing right now. It’s the kind of work that shapes a generation and can make permanent change in communities. That’s what we’re investing in for years to come.
Your gift today is an investment in your fellow citizens.
Thank you — and Happy Giving Tuesday. Let’s go make more days like today possible.
With gratitude,
David
David Simas
CEO, Obama Foundation
CEO, Obama Foundation
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